Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Amebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan that can cause asymptomatic colonization, amebic colitis (bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, "flask-shaped" ulcers), or extraintestinal disease (amebic liver abscess — most common extraintestinal manifestation). Diagnosis: stool antigen/PCR (distinguishes from nonpathogenic E. dispar). Treatment: invasive disease requires tissue amebicide (metronidazole or tinidazole) followed by luminal agent (paromomycin or iodoquinol). Asymptomatic carriers: treat with luminal agent only. Amebic liver abscess: aspiration if large or left lobe.
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