Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | HIV is a retrovirus that causes progressive immune dysfunction. Perinatal transmission has decreased to <1% with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Diagnosis: HIV RNA/DNA PCR in infants (<18 months); antibody testing in older children. Treatment: lifelong cART (2 NRTIs + 1 INSTI/PI/NNRTI). Prophylaxis: TMP-SMX for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in all HIV-exposed infants until infection excluded. Prevention: maternal cART during pregnancy, infant prophylaxis, avoid breastfeeding in resource-rich settings (shared decision-making if suppressed).
🌐 paeds.online — Pakistan's Pediatric Platform| Clinical Category | Management / Key Actions |
|---|