Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) are soil-transmitted helminths. Transmission: larvae penetrate skin (barefoot walking in contaminated soil). Pulmonary migration (Loeffler-like) then adult worms attach to small intestinal mucosa, ingesting blood β iron deficiency anemia, hypoalbuminemia, protein malnutrition. Chronic infection leads to growth stunting, cognitive deficits. Diagnosis: stool microscopy (eggs). Treatment: albendazole (single dose) or mebendazole. Iron supplementation essential. Prevention: footwear, sanitation.
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