Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Irreversible obstructive lung disease due to inflammation and fibrosis of bronchioles. Etiologies: post-infectious (adenovirus types 3,7,21 – most common, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, measles, pertussis, influenza), post-transplant (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome BOS), toxic fume inhalation, connective tissue diseases. Clinical: chronic cough, wheezing, dyspnea, hypoxemia, exercise intolerance. Diagnosis: HRCT (mosaic attenuation, air trapping, bronchiectasis), PFT (irreversible obstruction), lung biopsy (gold standard). Treatment: supportive (oxygen, pulmonary rehab), corticosteroids (pulse), azithromycin, lung transplantation for severe cases.
🌐 paeds.online — Pakistan's Pediatric Platform| Type | Etiology | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Post-infectious BO | Adenovirus, Mycoplasma, measles | Supportive (oxygen, pulmonary rehab), corticosteroids (pulse), azithromycin, lung transplant if severe |
| Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) | Post-lung or bone marrow transplant | Optimize immunosuppression, azithromycin, photopheresis, re-transplantation |
| Toxic fume-induced BO | NO2, NH3, diacetyl (popcorn lung) | Avoid exposure, corticosteroids, supportive |