Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Most common infectious cause of death in children <5 years globally. Etiology varies by age: neonates (GBS, E. coli), 3w-3m (RSV, Chlamydia trachomatis), 4m-4y (RSV, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae), โฅ5y (M. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae). Diagnosis: fever, cough, tachypnea, crackles, CXR (lobar vs interstitial). Outpatient treatment: amoxicillin (90 mg/kg/day). Inpatient: ampicillin or ceftriaxone, add macrolide if atypical suspected. Complications: parapneumonic effusion, empyema, lung abscess, necrotizing pneumonia. Prevention: PCV13, Hib, influenza vaccines.
๐ paeds.online โ Pakistan's Pediatric Platform| Age | Common Pathogens | Empiric Antibiotic |
|---|---|---|
| Neonate (<3 weeks) | GBS, E. coli, Listeria, CMV, HSV | Ampicillin + gentamicin or cefotaxime |
| 3 weeks - 3 months | RSV, other viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis, S. pneumoniae, pertussis | If afebrile and probable C. trachomatis: macrolide; if febrile: ampicillin/ceftriaxone |
| 4 months - 4 years | RSV, other viruses, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae | Outpatient: amoxicillin 90 mg/kg/day. Inpatient: ampicillin or ceftriaxone |
| โฅ5 years | M. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae | Outpatient: amoxicillin or macrolide. Inpatient: ampicillin/ceftriaxone + macrolide |