Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Secondary hypogonadism due to GnRH deficiency (hypothalamic) or pituitary dysfunction. Kallmann syndrome (+anosmia), functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (anorexia nervosa, excessive exercise), pituitary tumors (craniopharyngioma), chronic illness. Diagnosis: low LH/FSH, low estradiol. Treatment: estrogen/progesterone replacement; fertility: pulsatile GnRH or gonadotropins.
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